Linux安装MySQL数据库

CentOS

安装

yum list installed mysql*  			# 列出已安装
# 1.删除已有的mysql
sudo yum remove mysql-community-* 	
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
rm /etc/my.cnf
# 2.安装yum源
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
sudo yum instal   mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
# 3.查看是否安装成功
sudo yum repolist all|grep mysql
# 4.安装mysql
sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
sudo yum install mysql-community-server
# 5.启动
sudo service mysqld start
sudo service mysqld status   # 查看mysql状态
sudo systemctl enable mysqld # 配置开机启动
# 6.设置密码
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log   # 找到默认密码
mysql -uroot -p 								# 登录
set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('NEWPASSWORD'); 
# 或者
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEWPASSWORD';

设置用户密码

1. 设置密码

   查看默认密码grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log，使用默认密码登录 mysql -uroot -p

   use mysql
   set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('NEWPASSWORD'); 
   

2. 添加远程用户

   CREATE USER 'username'@'ip/%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbname.tablename TO 'username'@'ip/%';
   DELETE FROM USER WHERE user='';	#解决登陆失败的问题 : Access denied for user 'wcc'@'localhost' 
   flush privileges;
   

其他配置

修改配置文件vim /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=13307
user=mysql
#basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections = 1000
character_set_server=utf8mb4
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

# mysqld中后面这部分配置，是内存比较大的配置。如果不清楚，建议全部注释使用默认

key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 256K
thread_cache_size = 64
query_cache_limit = 8M
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_type = 1

#expire_logs_days = 10
#max_binlog_size = 100M
#log_bin should be on a disk with enough free space.
#Replace '/var/lib/mysql/mysql_binary_log' with an appropriate path for your
#system and chown the specified folder to the mysql user.
log_bin=/data/mysql/mysql_binary_log

#In later versions of MySQL, if you enable the binary log and do not set
#a server_id, MySQL will not start. The server_id must be unique within
#the replicating group.
server_id=1
binlog_format = mixed

read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M

# InnoDB settings
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit  = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size = 512M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

Debian

安装MySQL的APT软件源

下载地址：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/apt/

如：

https://repo.mysql.com//mysql-apt-config_0.8.17-1_all.deb

安装：

apt install ./mysql-apt-config_0.8.17-1_all.deb

配置，选择操作系统，debian 10对应 buster

选择版本：选择5.7

接下来OK就行了

安装MySQL

# 安装mysql，安装时会要求输入ROOT密码，安装完会自动启动
sudo apt install mysql-server mysql-client
# 启动
sudo systemctl start mysql   # 手动启动，安装会自动启动
sudo systemctl status mysql  # 查看mysql状态
sudo systemctl enable mysql  # 配置开机启动

添加普通用户

root用户默认是不支持远程登陆的，可以设置，但是建议不要直接使用root，而是按项目新建用户用以远程登录。

使root能任意host访问（不建议）

update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'

建议创建用户

CREATE USER 'username'@'ip/%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbname.tablename TO 'username'@'ip/%';
DELETE FROM USER WHERE user='';	#解决登陆失败的问题 : Access denied for user 'wcc'@'localhost' 
flush privileges;

其它配置

修改my.cnf，参考Cent OS部分

配置自己的数据目录：

• 方法一

  mv /usr/lib/mysql /data/mysql
  

• 重新生成一个

  # 初始化
  ./mysqld --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
  # 查看临时密码 
  cat /data/mysql/error.log
  # 使用临时密码登录，设置密码
  mysql -uroot –p
  mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('new password');
  mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
  mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 
  

注意，如果修改了mysql.sock这个文件的路径，记得在[mysql]标签下同步同时添加一个

其它Linux

下载

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html

选择5.7，操作系统选择Generic Linux

下载tar包

安装配置

# 下载
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
su root
# 解压
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# 移动并重命名为/usr/local/mysql
mv mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
# 添加用户和用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# 创建数据目录，并修改用户
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql
vim /etc/my.cnf
# 编辑配置，参考cent os安装部分的其它配置

初始化

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
# 安装可能用到的依赖
yum -y install perl perl-devel autoconf libaio
# 初始化
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/  --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
# 查看密码，搜索temporary password ,记录备用
cat /data/mysql/mysql.err |grep temporary password
# 安装服务
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
# 启动
service mysql start
# 链接命令
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
# 使用临时密码登录，设置密码
mysql -uroot –p
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('new password');
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

添加普通用户

# %代表所有IP，或者不用%指定IP
CREATE USER 'username'@'ip/%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dbname.tablename TO 'username'@'ip/%';
DELETE FROM mysql.USER WHERE user='';	#解决登陆失败的问题 : Access denied for user 'wcc'@'localhost' 
flush privileges;